Exploitation characteristics of electric power system. Operational system states (normal, transient, emergency, critical, restorative). Daily electric power system load curve. System load curve approximation. Load curves: weekly, monthly and annually. System operation planning (daily, monthly and annually). Analytical functions for system operation planning. Analysis and checking of realized system operation. Load Forecasting (parable method, second order polynomial method, xpotentially method, logarithm parable method, Gompertz method, logistic method, empiric equation). Unit scheduling. Midterm unit commitment. Load following. Energy imbalance. System reserve (ready-import, spinning, stand by quick start, stand by slow start). Interconnection. Power and energy exchange between systems. System island operation. System blackout and restoration. Analysis of recently system blackouts. Grid code.

1. describe exploitation characteristics of electric power system
2. generate system load curve (piece-wise linear approximations)
3. predict future system load by using independent methods
4. calculate transmission capacities of interconnecting lines
5. plan the hydro-thermal scheduling in the system

Lectures

Lectures will provide a theoretical background to the students.

Exercises

These will be used to solve numerical examples to the students.

Laboratory

Laboratory exercises will take part in a computer laboratory.

1. System states and security, Load forecasting and management
2. Economic load dispatch, Multi-area coordination
3. Short-run marginal cost, Minimum stable operating level, Maximum rate of ramping up or down, Minimum time period the unit is up and/or down, Supply function equilibrium, Unit commitment models
4. Hydro-thermal coordination, Least-cost dispatch of available generation, Generator megawatt dispatch, Voltage and stability constraints
5. Objective functions, Security-constrained optimal power flow
6. Nodal prices
7. Interconnectors, Transfer capacities (base, total, net, avaliable, already allocated), Transmission Reliability Margin, Interconnection capacity
8. Midterm exam
9. Price area based congestion management, Analytic functions for power system operation planning, Realised operation analysis and control, Power system load forecasting
10. Optimal role of units in a power system, Load following
11. The Nature of the Transmission Business, Cost-based Transmission Expansion, Value-based Transmission Expansion, Regulated and negotiated Third Party Access
12. Generation Capacity from an Investor’s Perspective, Generation Capacity from the Customers’ Perspective, Optimization models for Problems of Generation Investment, Dependent and independent forecasting methods, Regression models
13. Daily load profile and load duration curve, Load duration curve approximation, Weekly, monthly and annual load profiles
14. Grid code, ENTSO-E recommendations, ERGEG rules
15. Final exam