Medical Imaging Systems

Data is displayed for the academic year: 2024./2025.

Lecturers

Prof.
Igor Lacković
PhD

Course Description

Medical imaging modalities. X-ray diagnostics. X-ray computed tomography. Nuclear medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound imaging.

Study Programmes

University graduate
[FER3-HR] Biomedical Engineering - study
Elective Courses (1. semester)

Learning Outcomes

  1. Describe the operation and construction of various X-ray systems (classical X-ray, fluoroscopy, angiography, mammography), and the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body.
  2. Explain the design of computed tomography (CT) systems and image reconstruction methods.
  3. Describe the principles of radioisotope imaging (nuclear medicine), as well as the operation and construction of systems for planar scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET).
  4. Describe the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the operation of the system and its components.
  5. Explain the principles ultrasound imaging, the method of operation and construction of the system.
  6. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality.

Forms of Teaching

Lectures

Other

Week by Week Schedule

  1. Lectures: Introduction. Overview and classification of imaging modalities. Structural and functional imaging. Electromagnetic radiation spectrum and position of imaging modalities. Nonionizing and ionizing radiation
  2. Lectures: X-ray and gamma radiation. Characteristic radiation. X-ray bremsstralung. Interaction of x-ray and gamma rays with matter
  3. Lectures: X-ray diagnostic equipment. X-ray tube: principle of operation, radiation spectrum, tubes with stationary and with rotating anode. X-ray detectors. Scattered radiation, ant-scater grid
  4. Lectures: Bone densitometry (DXA), mammography, fluoroscopy, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) - principle and equipment
  5. Lectures: X-ray computed tomography 1: introduction, principle of tomography, spatial resolution, noise
  6. Lectures: X-ray computed tomography 2: image reconstruction, algebraic reconstruction methods (ART, SIRT, SART), Radon transformation, sinogram, relation to Fourier transform, back projection method, filtered back projection method, fan beam reconstruction
  7. Lectures: X-ray computed tomography 3: equipment design, CT scanner generations 1st to 5th, helical (spiral) CT, multi-slice CT (MSCT), CBCT, clinical use
  8. Lectures: Midterm exam
  9. Lectures: Radioisotope imaging 1: physical fundamentals, radionuclide, radiopharmaceutical, gamma ray detection, gamma cameras, scintigraphy, clinical use
  10. Lectures: Radioisotope imaging 2: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), image reconstruction, equipment design; positron emission tomography (PET): F-18 production and FDG synthesis, electron-positron annihilation, coincidence detectors, image reconstruction, equipment design, clinical use; hybrid SPECT-CT and PET-CT systems
  11. Lectures: Magnetic resonance imaging 1: physical fundamentals, description of the system of magnetized nuclear spins, RF excitation, free precession and relaxation, signal characteristics
  12. Lectures: Magnetic resonance imaging 2: signal localization, k-space, image reconstruction, image contrast, basic sequences (saturation recovery, inversion recovery, spin echo, gradient echo)
  13. Lectures: Magnetic resonance imaging 3: equipment design (main magnet, gradient coils, RF coils, electronic part), clinical use, biological effects, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI (fMRI)
  14. Lectures: Ultrasound imaging: physics of acoustic waves, propagation of ultrasound, interaction with biological tissues, ultrasonic transducers, ultrasonic probes, beam properties, display modes: A-, B-, M-, pulsed Doppler, colored Doppler, duplex, 3D, 4D, equipment design, clinical use, biological effects
  15. Lectures: Final exam

Literature

(.), A Šantić (1995.), Biomedicinska elektronika, Školska knjiga, Zagreb,
(.), M A Flower (2016.), Webb's Physics of Medical Imaging, Second Edition, Taylor & Francis,
(.), Arnulf Oppelt (2011.), Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Technical Solutions and Applications for Systems Applying Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,

General

ID 261427
  Winter semester
5 ECTS
L3 English Level
L1 e-Learning
30 Lectures
0 Seminar
0 Exercises
0 Laboratory exercises
0 Project laboratory
0 Physical education excercises