Generators and Transformers

Data is displayed for academic year: 2023./2024.

Lecturers

Assoc. Prof.
Zlatko Hanić
Prof.
Mario Vražić
Prof.
Damir Žarko

Laboratory exercises

Tomislav Đuran
dipl. ing.

Course Description

Types, main parts, basic construction, applications of transformers and synchronous generators. Mathematical models, equivalent circuits and phasor diagrams of transformers and synchronous generators. No load, short circuit, load, and parallel operation of transformers. Winding connections. Transformer heating and cooling. Autotransformer. Transformer insulation system. Short-circuit forces and mechanical stress in transformer windings. Instrument and special transformers, fundamentals of transformer protection, diagnostics and monitoring. Operation of a synchronous generator online. P-Q diagram. Generators for small power plants and wind farms. Excitation systems. Static and dynamic stability of synchronous generator. Laboratory measurements of transformer parameters, generator synchronization to the grid, active and reactive power management.

Study Programmes

University graduate
[FER3-EN] Control Systems and Robotics - profile
Elective courses (2. semester)
[FER3-EN] Data Science - profile
Recommended elective courses (2. semester)
[FER3-EN] Electrical Power Engineering - profile
Elective courses (2. semester)

Learning Outcomes

  1. List and describe the main parts of transformers and generators
  2. Derive and explain equations describing basic physical models of transformers and generators
  3. Apply physical models to analyze the operation of transformers and generators online
  4. To apply theoretical knowledge in laboratory conditions

Forms of Teaching

Lectures

classical lectures using blackboard in combination with PowerPoint slides

Exercises

solving numerical examples related to the content of the lectures

Partial e-learning

posting study materials and communicating with students through the course website

Field work

a visit to factories that produce transformers and electrical machines

Laboratory

laboratory exercises using transformers, electrical machines, and accompanying power supply and measuring equipment for the purpose of practical demonstration and confirmation of the acquired theoretical knowledge

Grading Method

Continuous Assessment Exam
Type Threshold Percent of Grade Threshold Percent of Grade
Laboratory Exercises 50 % 15 % 50 % 15 %
Mid Term Exam: Written 40 % 30 % 0 %
Final Exam: Written 40 % 30 %
Final Exam: Oral 25 %
Exam: Written 50 % 60 %
Exam: Oral 25 %

Week by Week Schedule

  1. Transformers: basic principle of operation of transformers, equivalent circuit and voltage equations, construction of windings and core
  2. Transformers: main and leakage flux, magnetization current, inductances, no-load and short-circuit test, determination of the equivalent circuit parameters, winding and core losses, stray losses
  3. Transformers: inrush current, scaling laws, parallel connection, connection groups, external characteristics, voltage drop
  4. Transformers: autotransformer, intrinsic rated power, efficiency, heating and cooling
  5. Transformers: insulation system, short-circuit forces and mechanical stress
  6. Transformers: instrument and special transformers, fundamentals of transformer protection, diagnostics and monitoring
  7. Synchronous generators: basic principle of operation of synchronous machines, division according to types and construction, windings
  8. Midterm exam
  9. Synchronous generators: vector-phase diagram, equivalent circuit, d-q reference frame, no-load and short-circuit test, equivalent circuit parameters
  10. Synchronous generators: synchronization, operation on power grid, generator stability, power and torque characteristics
  11. Synchronous generators: field current under load, Swedish diagram
  12. Synchronous generators: PQ diagram of a turbogenerator, PQ diagram of a hydrogenerator
  13. Synchronous generators: types of excitation systems, island operation, synchronous wound field motors
  14. Synchronous generators for wind farms and small hydroelectric power plants
  15. Final exam

Literature

Damir Žarko, Branimir Ćućić (2021.), Transformatori u teoriji i praksi, Graphis Zagreb
Mario Vražić (2012.), Sinkroni stroj, FER, skripta
Stephen J. Chapman (2011.), Electric Machinery Fundamentals 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill
John J. Winders, Jr. (2002.), Power Transformers Principles and Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc.
Ion Boldea (2006.), Synchronous Generators, CRC Press

For students

General

ID 222964
  Summer semester
5 ECTS
L1 English Level
L1 e-Learning
45 Lectures
0 Seminar
15 Exercises
13 Laboratory exercises
0 Project laboratory
0 Physical education excercises

Grading System

85 Excellent
70 Very Good
60 Good
50 Sufficient

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