Exploitation characteristics of electric power system. Operational system states (normal, transient, emergency, critical, restorative). Daily electric power system load curve. System load curve approximation. Load curves: weekly, monthly and annually. System operation planning (daily, monthly and annually). Analytical functions for system operation planning. Analysis and checking of realized system operation. Load Forecasting (parable method, second order polynomial method, xpotentially method, logarithm parable method, Gompertz method, logistic method, empiric equation). Unit scheduling. Midterm unit commitment. Load following. Energy imbalance. System reserve (ready-import, spinning, stand by quick start, stand by slow start). Interconnection. Power and energy exchange between systems. System island operation. System blackout and restoration. Analysis of recently system blackouts. Grid code.

Understanding of electric power operation. The knowledge about the important functions and issues involved in different activities associated with power system operation and planning.

1. describe exploitation characteristics of electric power system
2. define and describe electric power system states
3. identify electric power system real time control function
4. generate system load curve (piece-wise linear approximations)
5. recognize ancillary services in the system
6. predict future system load by using independent methods
7. calculate transmission capacities of interconnected lines
8. plan of hydro-thermo scheduling in the system

Lectures

Two hours weekly.

Exams

Continuously: one writing exam, final exam (writing and oral examination) and three short tests. Classical Exam: writing and oral examination at the end of semester. Results of three short tests are included.

Exercises

One hour per week.

Other Forms of Group and Self Study

Three homeworks.

1. Exploitation characteristics of electric power system. Operational system states (normal, transient, emergency, critical, restorative). Efficiency operation of electric power system. Electric power quality (insuring constant voltage, frequency and wave forms). Secure operation of electric power system.
2. Daily electric power system load curve. Daily electric power system load curve division. System load curve approximation. Load curves: weekly, monthly and annually.
3. System operation planning (daily, monthly and annually). Operation preparation. Real time control. Analysis and checking of realized system operation. Periodical reports. System disturbances and failures analysis. System operator reaction and procedures analysis.
4. Control functions. Data acquisition and recording. System topology control. System limitation and alarms control. Frequency and active power control. Voltage and reactive power control. Operational statistic.
5. Analytical functions for system operation planning. Load Forecasting (parable method, second order polynomial method, xpotentially method, logarithm parable method, Gompertz method, logistic method, empiric equation).
6. Maintenance scheduling. Unit scheduling. Midterm unit commitment (based on producers requirements).
7. Load following. Energy imbalance. System reserve (ready-import, spinning, stand by quick start, stand by slow start). System reserve calculation.
8. Interconnection. Power and energy exchange between systems. Basic facts about UCTE system.
9. System island operation.
10. Electric power system secure operations. Operational system states (normal, transient, emergency, critical, restorative). Consumption limitations. Operational limitations. Secure limitations.
11. Causes of system blackout. Methods and procedures during system restoration. Requirements on power plants.
12. Analysis of recently system blackouts.
13. Exploitation project studies. Off line investigations.
14. Grid code.
15. Basic data about Croatian electric power systems.